The Concept of Sociology of Literature and Historical Process iii.
The Concept of Sociology of Literature and Historical Process iii.
The idea that he treats the literary work with the reflective task of society has started to change over time the idea that literature is a production activity has been formed. For thinkers such as Althusser, Macherey and Eagleton, who had this idea, literature is a production activity and literary based on many variables the work does not point to a single meaning. (Şan, 2006, p. 151) . A work of literature is a product with a social equivalent an individual who has as much aesthetic aspect as there is and who has no equivalent in society with some of his sides it can be called creation. There are many gaps in the literary text; there are unknown, hidden points based on his opinion, the task of sociological criticism is not to try to complete the text, but to “ theorizing the text by settling into its incompleteness” and the ideological equivalent of hidden points it should be explained (Şan, 2006, p. 151) . In addition to names such as Gustave Lanson, Raymond Williams, Guy Michaud, who contributed to the study of literary sociology, Leo Lowenthal said that the purpose of literary sociology is to “explore the essence of meaning, which expresses many views of thought and feeling, social class, work, love, religion, nature and art, which should be found at the core of various literary works.” (Swingwood, 2006, p. 106) another important name of literary sociology studies is Robert Escarpit according to him, the emphasis of the sociological approach should be directed towards the field of production rather than literature itself.
For Escarpit, it is possible to find the social meaning of art, especially literature, in these production networks and the artist's place and understanding of the social situation can be analyzed by looking at the relations of production income (Swingwood, 2006, p. 108) . With his work, which is considered an important turning point in the study of literary sociology, a new when Robert Escarpit, who opened the window, said that the sociology of literature is formed around four main elements, according to him“ "the sociology of literature includes the elements of product/work, author, reader, publication / publication separately it is being examined” (Tüzer, 2019, p. 38) .
Robert Escarpit sociology of literature with this approach he prevented his studies from being limited to the text, and the non-textual elements of the sociology of literature he included it in his field. In the field of literary sociology, thinkers such as Franco Moretti and Pierre Bourdieu have various he made his name with his studies. Moretti's literary work in the sociology of literature studies while strengthening the idea of using quantitative method in his examination; Bourdieu in society 'habitus’ as a sociological field in terms of individuals being influenced by each other's choices with the theory that he put forward the concept and developed depending on this concept, “in the sociology of literature it is remarkable in that it contains both quantitative analyses and comments on quality” (Tüzer, 2019, p. 39) . The sociology of literature studies in Turkey are considered to be in their infancy. Because of the interest in this discipline he must be very late.
Hilmi Ziya Ulken, Behice Boran, Niyazi Berkes, such as sociology of literature in Turkey we can refer to them as Turkish sociologists whose names are inclined to the sociology of literature. Besides this, Halil Sociology of literature with names such as Inalcık, Kemal Karpat, Berna Moran, Köksal Alver, Murat Belge Nurettin Sazi Kosemihal, who prepared the ground for scientific study of his studies in the academic field, Sherif Mardin, who connects the development of the novel and the role of social conditions with the issue of westernization, Baykan Sezer with his studies on Kemal Tahir and his efforts to create a new social theory they are also names that should be mentioned (Tüzer, 2019, p. 33) .
pleasant readings
