PABLO PİCASSO

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15 Feb 2024

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Pablo Ruiz Picasso was born on October 25, 1881 in Málaga, Spain. He was the first child of Doña Maria Picasso y López and Don José Ruiz Blasco. His father was a painter and art teacher. When he was baptized, he was given the name Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruizy Picasso. He carried the surname of both his parents until 1901, and from then on he used only his mother's surname, Picasso.

Picasso spent the first ten years of his life in his hometown, Málaga. When he was ten, they moved to La Coruña in northern Spain, where his father taught art. Picasso attended art school in A Coruña, where his father taught. His father soon realized his son's talent. He was the first person who encouraged him that he had a talent for painting. Picasso initially took his father as an example and reached his level at the age of 13.

Picasso entered the La Lonja School of Fine Arts in Barcelona in 1895. His father was offered a job teaching at this school, and his family moved to Barcelona. He established his first workshop in Barcelona. He painted his first large oil paintings here. The painting “First Communion” dated 1895-96 was included in the most important exhibition held in Barcelona to that day. His painting “Science and Charity” in 1897 was praised at the National Exhibition of Fine Arts in Madrid and won a gold medal in a competition in Málaga. Picasso moved to Madrid on the same date. He entered the San Fernando Academy, one of the most well-known art schools in Spain. However, he frequently visited the Prado Museum rather than the Academy. He left here a short time later due to his illness. He spent several months in the small mountain town of Horta de Ebro in Spain to fully recover.

In 1899, more mature and renewed, he returned to Barcelona, which he saw as a city open to modern ideas. He entered the circle of artists and leading intellectuals in Barcelona. He met his secretary and close friend, the poet Jaime Sabartés, who would be his assistant for many years and who would remain with him throughout his life, the painter Junyer-Vidal, and Carlos Casagemas, with whom he would share the same studio. Picasso also opened his first personal exhibition in Barcelona in 1900.

Picasso went to Paris for the first time with his friend and fellow artist Casagemas in October 1900. He shared a studio with Casagemas in Montmartre. He finished his first painting, "La Moulin de la Galette", in Paris. He started visiting galleries; He saw the works of painters such as Cézanne , Toulouse-Lautrec, Degas and Bonnard. He returned to Spain in December. The suicide of Casagemas in Paris in February 1901, over an unhappy love affair, came as a severe shock to Picasso. The loss of his friend greatly affected Picasso, and therefore his paintings. She began to become aware of the darker aspects of city life and began to paint drunkard women, outcasts, and those living in poverty and squalor. He was developing an original style that was completely contrary to the trends of the time.

He went to Paris for the second time in May. He rented a workshop for himself on Clichy Boulevard. He opened his first Paris exhibition at the gallery of Ambroise Vollard, a well-known art dealer. Themes of poverty, deprivation, loneliness and old age were increasingly increasing in his paintings. During this period, blue tones were predominant in Picasso's paintings, and as a result, this period was called Picasso's "Blue Period". He traveled back and forth between Paris and Barcelona in 1902-1903. Meanwhile, during the months he stayed in Barcelona, he painted the most important paintings of the Blue Period. The Blue Period, a direct result of his friend's death, lasted from late 1901 to the end of 1904. Picasso, who never gave up on blue for more than four years, included green and red as faint brush touches in his paintings towards the end of the period.

In 1904 he moved to Paris, where he stayed for a long time. He settled in the Bateau-Lavoir workshop in Montmartre. During this period, he met Fernande Olivier, who would share his life for a long time. Gradually new colors appear in his paintings; A light pink, warm red tones, and other light colors began to appear. He started to frequently go to the Médrano Circus, located on the outskirts of Montmartre, near the workshop, with Fernande and her friends, which inspired his paintings of clowns and circus artists. He began to take his themes from the world of traveling circuses. These wandering people now took part in Picasso's paintings instead of the beggars and poor of the Blue Period. This theme was the main motif of Picasso's Pink Period in late 1904, when he used light tones and colors such as pink and orange in his paintings with the themes of clowns and circus workers. Instead of the sparkling looks of these people on stage, Picasso depicted their daily lives behind the scenes, sitting lost in thought during rest breaks, or their changeable states. During this period, he started making bronze sculptures, modeled from wax and clay, for the first time.

In 1907, Picasso visited the Ethnographic Museum in Paris and examined African sculptures there. African art was an important source of inspiration for Picasso. His painting " Girls from Avignon ", in which he brought together geometric abstraction with the influence of African masks, pointed the way to Picasso's next artistic period. After this work, Picasso's works shifted towards a different Cubist style. After creating new radical forms with this painting, cubism became an adventure that Picasso and Georges Braque, whom he met at that time, embarked on together. The two painters developed analytical cubism in close collaboration, taking Cézanne's principle that "nature should be rendered with cylinders, spheres and cones". Using different shades of gray, black, blue, green and ocher in these paintings, the painters made the objects appear complex and from several angles. They obtained images by depicting them as opaque and transparent layers superimposed on each other.In these paintings, natural forms were reduced to geometric shapes, especially cylinders, squares and cones.

Picasso worked in Horta de Ebro, where he stayed for several months in 1909, and this trip constituted one of the most productive periods of his artistic life. He painted Cubist style landscapes, town paintings, and portraits of Fernande (Woman with a Pear). The Cubist period meant rapid recognition for Picasso, and he moved to a much larger workshop on Boulevard Clichy, near the Place Pigalle. In 1911, problems arose in his relationship with Fernande and they separated.

Synthetic cubism emerged from 1912, and Picasso and Braque created collages and assemblages that combined various materials, including ordinary objects, and painted areas. This combination often resulted in forms resembling familiar objects such as a guitar or a bottle. In works such as "Violin" in 1915, Picasso reached the final point of these experiments.

Picasso, who met the Russian Ballet group in 1916, went to Italy with this group in 1917 and designed the decor and costumes for a new ballet. There he met Russian ballerina Olga Khoklova and they married a year later in Paris. In 1921 their son Paul was born. Through the ballet world, Picasso came into contact with high society, and his marriage to Olga changed his lifestyle. His trip to Italy introduced Picasso to places from classical antiquity, especially the cities of Rome, Naples and Pompeii. In the early 1920s he created figures of exaggerated size, which he gave to unrealistic anatomies. His paintings featured large and disproportionate figures. Picasso continued his experiments with forms without limits, completely removing the naturalness of his figures. His experiments with forms and his free use of artistic tools led him to establish a close relationship with the surrealists, and he participated in the first surrealist exhibition held in 1925. But after a short while, his ties with this group weakened and he decided to follow his own path.

Picasso became seriously interested in sculpture from the mid-1920s. He transferred his experiences in this field to patterns and paintings. Disagreements arose in his relationship with Olga. During this period he met Marie-Thérèse Walter. Marie was Picasso's lover and would become the model for some of his portraits. Picasso painted Marie-Thérèse sleeping or sitting. In 1930, he settled in Boisgeloup Castle near Gisors, north of Paris, and established a sculpture workshop in Boisgeloup. He made a number of statues and busts during this period. In 1935, Marie-Therese and Picasso's daughter, Maria de la Concepción, known as Maya, was born.

In early 1937, the Spanish Government asked Picasso for a mural to be featured in the Spanish section of the World's Fair to be opened in Paris. The air attack on Guernica, a Basque town in Northern Spain, during the Spanish Civil War on April 26, 1937, was the subject of Picasso. Picasso worked continuously on the large-scale mural Guernica in his new workshop on the Rue Grands-Augustins. Yugoslavian photographer Dora Maar, whom he met during this period, took many photographs while "Guernica" was being made. Dora would model for many of Picasso's paintings.

While Picasso continued his life by going back and forth between the studio he established in Royan on the Atlantic coast and Paris, he was unable to go to his studio with the occupation of Paris in 1940. He began spending his time in the studio on the Rue Grands-Augustins in Paris. He met the young painter Françoise Gilot, who frequently visited him in his studio. In the late 1940s he moved with Françoise Gilot to the La Galloise villa in Vallauris, southern France. In 1947, Françoise gave birth to their son Claude, and two years later their daughter Paloma. Continuing to experiment with new artistic techniques, Picasso was also interested in ceramics, which would keep him busy for many years. Françoise was frequently featured in the artist's works during this period.

After she and François broke up in 1953, Jacqueline started living with Roque. Jacqueline would often model for Picasso. In 1955 they moved to La Californie, a 19th-century mansion near Cannes. At the La Californie workshop, Picasso painted a number of workshop paintings, including “Atelier painting in Cannes” and “Jacqueline Atelier”. Here he turned to the works of the old masters, and his acquaintance with the old masters became the main theme of his recent works. He also painted variations of Spanish court painter Diego Velázquez 's famous painting Las Meninas , dated 1656.

In 1958, he left his La Californie workshop and moved to the 14th-century Chateau Vauvenargues overlooking Mount Sainte-Victoire near Aix-en-Provence, where Cézanne had once lived. He continued his work on painting series. He began painting variations on Edouard Manet 's famous 1863 painting " Lunch in the Field " at the Vauvenargues Castle . He dealt with the subject of "the painter and his model" in the variations he produced from Manet's Luncheon on the Field.

In 1961 he moved for the last time to the Nortre Dame de Vie villa in Mougins. He married Jacqueline Roque in the same year. During this period, he continued his variations on Jacqueline's portrait. At the end of his life, his productivity increased more than ever and he produced countless works. During this period, he limited himself to the well-known painting themes processed in art history. He also used more of the traditional motif of the painter and his model.

Works of Pablo Picasso

Picasso's most valuable works are those he produced in 1932, defined as the "year of miracles". These works are remembered for breaking price records in rare sales. The "maturity period" that started on this date was reflected in the changes in his work.

Guernica; 1937

His largest painting, "Guernica", is also considered one of the most influential anti-war works in the world. The work symbolizes the brutality experienced in the city of Guernica, which was bombed during the Spanish civil war in 1937. It is a painting made with oil paint on canvas in only black and white colors.

Guernica is a town in Spain. Franco allows Nazi and Italian forces to test their new planes over Guernica, and the bombing begins. The town experiences a serious massacre. Bombings of unprecedented intensity destroy Guernica. Pablo Picasso, who was impressed when he learned about the events in his hometown, reflects his feelings with the painting "Guernica".

The Old Guitarist; 1903-1904

The works of Picasso, one of the most famous painters of the 20th century, during the so-called "Blue Period", contain sadness and melancholy. The artist, who was in financial difficulties at that time, used cardboard or cardboard instead of canvas. Later, when he bought a canvas, he redid his paintings. One of Pablo Picasso's most popular works during the blue period is his work called "The Old Guitarist". In the picture, an old man is playing the guitar he holds with his left hand. The old guitarist's hair is white and short, and his hands are weak and bony. The background contains shades of blue.

The Weeping Woman; 1937

The artist's oil painting "Crying Woman", painted in 1937, is exhibited at the Tate Gallery in Liverpool. It is thought that the painting depicting a crying woman reflects not only the suffering of the Spanish Civil War but also the universal definition of oppression.

Other works:

- Girls from Avignon
- Otoportre
- Dream
- The life
- Harlequin
- Pigeon Child
- Tragedy
- Three Musicians
- Girl with Mandolin
- The Girl in Front of the Mirror
- Don Quixote