what is vitamin B12?

B12 vitamin, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that cannot be produced by the body and plays a crucial role in the formation of red blood cells, brain and nerve functions, and DNA synthesis. It is found in foods such as dairy products, fish, and meat. B12, consumed through food, binds to protein and is converted into its free form in the stomach by enzymes and hydrochloric acid.
Digestive system disorders that affect the absorption of nutrients in food can lead to B12 vitamin deficiency. Untreated B12 deficiency can result in anemia, fatigue, shortness of breath, palpitations, muscle weakness, intestinal problems, nerve damage, and mood disorders.
Since B12 vitamin has low storage in the body, it is recommended not to delay the consumption of foods containing B12 and to pay attention to cooking times and temperatures. Prolonged cooking and higher temperatures can lead to the loss of B12 vitamin.

What Does Vitamin B12
Do?

B12 vitamin (cobalamin) is essential for maintaining the health of blood and nerve cells, assisting in DNA synthesis, supporting bone as well as hair, skin, and nail health, and preventing megaloblastic anemia that can cause fatigue or weakness. Additionally, B12 vitamin, working in conjunction with folate, plays a significant role in myelin synthesis and contributes to immune system strengthening and protein metabolism.

Benefits of Vitamin B12

• Ensures the rapid and accurate functioning of the nervous system.
• Helps prevent dementia, as B12 deficiency is associated with low cognitive function.
• Increases energy in the body through the organic compounds of B12.
• Works with folate to be effective against anemia.
• Facilitates the conversion of carbohydrates into energy, improving sugar utilization.
• Reduces the level of amino acid (homocysteine) in the blood, preventing heart and vascular diseases.

Causes of Vitamin B12
Deficiency

Factors contributing to B12 deficiency include inadequate consumption of foods containing B12, insufficient absorption in the intestines despite abundant intake, and prolonged use of certain medications.

Symptoms of Vitamin B12
Deficiency

• Anemia leading to symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and palpitations.
• Tingling and numbness in the hands, arms, and legs.
• Forgetfulness and difficulty concentrating.
• Pale or yellowish skin.
• Weakness in muscles and potential vision problems.
• Digestive issues like diarrhea, constipation, and nausea.
• Mouth ulcers and changes in appetite leading to weight loss.

If there are persistent problems such as forgetfulness, memory loss, or difficulty concentrating, it is advisable to consult a doctor for B12 vitamin assessment.

Other Symptoms of B12 Deficiency

• Tingling in the hands or feet.
• Difficulty walking.
• Pale complexion.
• Feeling excessively tired.
• Palpitations.
• Shortness of breath.
• Mouth sores.
• Loss of appetite and weight loss.
• Vision problems.
• Cognitive issues.

B12 vitamin deficiency can cause various symptoms, and addressing these symptoms promptly through proper diagnosis and treatment is crucial for overall health.

B12 vitamin deficiency is typically treated with strong B12 supplements in the form of tablets or B12 injections. In terms of administration, oral treatment is preferred for children. The injection method, or B12 vitamin shots, is particularly used in individuals with absorption issues due to stomach and intestinal problems.
The correction of B12 deficiency contributes to improving the quality of life, as failure to address B12 deficiency may lead to irreversible neurological diseases.
For adults and infants alike, prompt action is necessary in addressing B12 deficiency.
People with intestinal diseases, individuals over 50, vegetarians, and women planning to become pregnant are recommended to take B12 vitamin as a multivitamin, ranging from 6 to 30 micrograms per day. Identifying the cause of B12 deficiency is crucial. If the deficiency is due to insufficient dietary intake of B12 (common among vegetarians), B12 vitamin supplements in the form of tablets or sublingual tablets are recommended.
Normal functioning of the pancreas, stomach, and small intestine is necessary for the absorption of B12 vitamin. In cases of deficiencies related to absorption problems, it is essential to consult a doctor without delay.
Since B12 vitamin deficiency can pave the way for more serious health problems in advanced stages, seeking medical attention promptly and taking necessary measures are crucial. The appropriate supplementation dosage based on blood levels should be determined in consultation with a doctor.