Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was born in 1881 in the three-storey pink house on Islâhhane Street, Kocakasım District, Thessaloniki. His father is Ali Rıza Efendi and his mother is Zübeyde Hanım.
His paternal grandfather, Hafız Ahmet Efendi, was born in the XIV-XV. They are one of the Kocacık Yoruks who settled in Macedonia from Konya and Aydın in the centuries. His mother, Zübeyde Hanım, is the daughter of an old Turkish family who settled in the town of Langaza near Thessaloniki. Ali Rıza Efendi, who was a militia officer, foundation clerk and timber trader, married Zübeyde Hanım in 1871. Four of Atatürk's five siblings died at a young age, only Makbule (Atadan) lived until 1956. When little Mustafa reached the age of education, he started studying at Hafız Mehmet Efendi's neighborhood school, and then, at his father's request, he transferred to Şemsi Efendi School. Meanwhile, he lost his father (1888). After staying with his uncle at Rapla Farm for a while, he returned to Thessaloniki and finished his school. He was enrolled in Thessaloniki Civil Junior High School. Shortly after, he entered the Military Junior High School in 1893. In this school, the Mathematics teacher Mustafa Bey added "Kemal" to his name.
He graduated from Monastir Military Preparatory School between 1896-1899 and started studying at the Military Academy in Istanbul. He graduated with the rank of lieutenant in 1902 and continued at the Military Academy. He complet
ed the Academy on January 11, 1905, with the rank of captain. He served under the 5th Army in Damascus between 1905 and 1907. He became Kolağası (Senior Captain) in 1907. To Monastery III. He was appointed to the Army.
He served as Chief of Staff in the Movement Army, which entered Istanbul on April 19, 1909. He was sent to France in 1910. He participated in the Picardie Maneuvers. In 1911, he started working under the command of the General Staff in Istanbul. In the war that started with the Italian attack on Tripoli in 1911, Mustafa Kemal took part in the Tobruk and Derne regions with a group of friends. He won the Battle of Tobruk against the Italians on 22 December 1911. He was appointed Commander of Derne on 6 March 1912. When the Balkan War started in October 1912, Mustafa Kemal joined the war with the troops in Gallipoli and Bolayır. He made great contributions in the recapture of Dimetoka and Edirne. In 1913 he was appointed to the Sofia Attaché. While in this position, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1914. His tenure as attaché ended in January 1915.
Meanwhile, World War I started and the Ottoman Empire was forced to enter the war. Mustafa Kemal was assigned to Tekirdağ to establish the 19th Division. During World War I, which started in 1914, Mustafa Kemal wrote a heroic epic in Çanakkale and made the Allied Powers say "Çanakkale is impassable!" When the British and French navy, which attempted to cross the Dardanelles on March 18, 1915, suffered heavy losses, they decided to land troops on the Gallipoli Peninsula. The 19th Division, commanded by Mustafa Kemal, stopped the enemy forces that landed at Arıburnu on April 25, 1915, at Conkbayırı. Mustafa Kemal was promoted to colonel upon this success. The British attacked again in Arıburnu on 6-7 August 1915. Anafartalar Group Commander Mustafa Kemal won the Anafartalar Victory on 9-10 August. This victory was achieved at Kireçtepe on 17 August and by II. Anafartas followed the victories. The Turkish nation, which gave approximately 253,000 martyrs in the Gallipoli Wars, knew how to protect its honor against the Allied Powers.
Mustafa Kemal said to his soldiers, "I do not order you to attack, I order you to die!" His order changed the fate of the front.
