Türkiye History and Important Processes

Ancient Period:
Turkey's history dates back to ancient times. Anatolia's rise to the stage of history begins with the establishment of ancient civilizations such as Hittite, Phrygian, Lydian and Urartu. These civilizations have achieved significant success in the fields of agriculture, trade and art.
Ancient Greek and Roman Period:
B.C. In the 6th century, Anatolia came under the control of the Persian Empire, but was freed from Persian rule as a result of the conquests of Alexander the Great, King of Macedonia. It later became part of the Roman Empire. During this period, traces of Roman architecture can be seen in Anatolia.
Byzantine Empire:
With the division of the Roman Empire, Anatolia became part of the Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire. Istanbul gained great importance as the capital of Byzantium. During this period, Christianity became an important element of Anatolia.
Seljuk and Ottoman Empires:
The Seljuk Turks defeated the Byzantines in the Battle of Manzikert in 1071, which led to Anatolia coming under Turkish rule. Then, with the establishment of the Ottoman State, the Turks established an important empire in Anatolia and its surroundings. The Ottoman Empire ruled over vast territories covering the European, Asian and African continents and left a rich cultural heritage throughout its long-lasting rule.
The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Establishment of the Republic of Turkey:
The Ottoman Empire was defeated in World War I and was occupied with the Armistice of Mudros signed after the war. The Turkish War of Independence started in 1920 and the Turkish nation, led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, won victory and declared the Republic of Turkey in 1923. Ankara became the capital of the new republic, and Istanbul disappeared from the stage of history as the capital of the Ottoman Empire.
Republic of Turkey and Modernization:
With the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, important reforms and modernization movements began in the country. A number of important changes were made, such as the transition to the Latin alphabet, the transition to a multi-party political system, women's rights, and education reforms. During this period, significant changes took place in economic development and social structure.
Today's Turkey:
Turkey has resisted many challenges throughout history and transformed into a modern state. Today, Turkey plays an important role with its dynamic economy, cultural diversity and strategic location. However, as it has throughout history, it struggles with the challenges faced in regional and global issues.
Turkey's history is full of the interaction and evolution of various civilizations. This rich history has deeply affected the cultural texture and social identity of the country. Today, Türkiye focuses on future goals with the strength it draws from its history.
Turkey is a country with a rich and complex history. Settlement in Anatolian lands dates back to 12,000 BC. During this period, various civilizations emerged and developed in Anatolia.
Early life
In the 3rd century BC, Alexander the Great conquered Anatolia and brought Hellenistic culture to the region. During this period, many Greek and Roman cities were founded in Anatolia.
In 395 AD, the Roman Empire was divided in two. Anatolia remained within the borders of the Eastern Roman Empire. During this period, Byzantine culture developed in Anatolia.
Middle Ages

1. In the century, Seljuk Turks began to flock to Anatolia. The Seljuks established a large empire in Anatolia in the late 12th century.
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5. Seljuk Turks
6. In the century, Mongols invaded Anatolia. The Mongol invasion caused great destruction in Anatolia.
7. In the century, the Ottoman State was established. The Ottoman Empire conquered Anatolia and the surrounding lands in a short time.
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11. Ottoman Empire

New Age

1. In the century, the Ottoman Empire became one of the most powerful states in the world. During this period, the Ottoman Empire organized expeditions to Europe and conquered many lands.
2. Starting from the 19th century, the power of the Ottoman Empire began to decline. During this period, the Ottoman Empire suffered defeats against the European powers.
3. In the 19th century, reform movements began in the Ottoman Empire. These reform movements aimed to modernize the Ottoman Empire.

Republic Period

1. At the beginning of the century, the Ottoman Empire was defeated in World War I. As a result of this defeat, the Ottoman Empire collapsed and the Republic of Türkiye was established.
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4. Republic of Türkiye

The Republic of Türkiye was established under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Ataturk worked to make Turkey a modern state.
The Republic of Türkiye has faced many difficulties since its establishment. However, Türkiye has managed to develop by overcoming these difficulties.
Important Processes of Turkey
Throughout Turkey's history, many important processes have occurred. Some of these processes are:

• Settlement in Anatolia in the Early Period: This process, which dates back to 12,000 BC, shows that Anatolia became the settlement of various civilizations.
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• Early settlements in Anatolia
• Conquests of Alexander the Great: These conquests, which took place in the 3rd century BC, brought Hellenistic culture to Anatolia.
• Establishment of the Byzantine Empire: This event, which took place in 395 AD, caused Anatolia to remain within the borders of the Eastern Roman Empire.
• Arrival of Seljuk Turks in Anatolia: This process, which started in the 11th century, changed the demographic structure of Anatolia.
• Mongol invasion: This invasion, which took place in the 13th century, caused great destruction in Anatolia.
• Establishment of the Ottoman Empire: This event, which took place in the 14th century, changed the political map of Anatolia.
• Expeditions of the Ottoman Empire to Europe: These expeditions, which started in the 16th century, increased the power and prestige of the Ottoman Empire.
• Weakening of the Ottoman Empire: This process, which started from the 17th century, caused the decline of the Ottoman Empire.
• The collapse of the Ottoman Empire: This event, which took place in the early 20th century, led to the establishment of the Republic of Turkey.
• Leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk: Atatürk, the founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey, played an important role in the modernization of Turkey.

Turkey's history is rich and complex. This history has shaped Turkey's culture, values ​​and identity.